{"id":14423,"date":"2025-02-13T10:09:09","date_gmt":"2025-02-13T09:09:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/zaczynasz-prace-w-danii-oto-co-musisz-zalatwic-na-starcie-2\/"},"modified":"2025-03-22T09:45:10","modified_gmt":"2025-03-22T08:45:10","slug":"sole-proprietorship-in-denmark-what-to-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/firma-jednoosobowa-w-danii-co-warto-wiedziec\/","title":{"rendered":"A sole proprietorship in Denmark - what is worth knowing?"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" data-id=\"14427\" src=\"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/office-2360063_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/office-2360063_640.jpg 640w, https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/office-2360063_640-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">One-person company in Denmark - Enkeltmandsvirksomhed (EMV)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<span class=\"gdlr-core-space-shortcode\" style=\"margin-top: 30px ;\"  ><\/span>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What is a sole proprietorship?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many people choose to start a sole proprietorship <em>(Enkeltmandsvirksomhed abbreviation EMV). <\/em>As a first step toward independent business. A sole proprietorship means that one individual is the owner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 However, this does not mean that only one person can work in a sole proprietorship - nothing prevents you from hiring employees. The name \u201eone-person\u201d refers only to the issue of ownership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Advantages and disadvantages of running a sole proprietorship<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Running a sole proprietorship has its pros and cons. It is worth knowing them before making a decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Advantages<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 No registration costs - setting up a business is free,<br>\u2705 No initial capital requirement <em>(In the case of a partnership in Denmark, Aps is DKK 20,000),<\/em><br>\u2705 No obligation to audit annual reports <em>(revision af regnskaber)<\/em>,<br>\u2705 No need to file annual financial statements, the company's financial performance is not visible to the public,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Disadvantages<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c As the owner of a sole proprietorship, you are responsible for its debts with your own private assets,<br>\u274c You can be the sole owner - a sole proprietorship does not allow for joint ownership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How to start a sole proprietorship?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Starting a sole proprietorship is quick, easy and completely free. If you want to start your own business, all it takes is a few steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Visit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.virk.dk\">virk.dk<\/a> and click \u201eStart virksomhed\u201d,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Log in with MitID,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Choose the form of business: \u201eEnkeltmandsvirksomhed\u201d (sole proprietorship),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provide your personal information (name, surname, address, etc.), as well as information on VAT registration and other tax obligations,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Click \u201eOK.\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Once registration is complete, you will receive a CVR (Central Business Register) number for your e-Box usually within a few days.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Attention! <\/strong>If you are collecting unemployment benefits <em>(dagpenge)<\/em> or other benefits and you want to run a company in addition, make sure to check with the office that pays the money to see if you can do so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What requirements must a sole proprietorship meet?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Many entrepreneurs opt for a sole proprietorship because its registration does not require any initial capital - unlike limited liability companies (ApS) here the minimum capital is DKK 20,000 or joint stock companies (A\/S) - minimum capital is DKK 400,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is also no obligation to appoint a management or supervisory board - all decisions are made by the <strong>Owner.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, a sole proprietorship must meet certain basic legal requirements:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The company name must not be confusing and should be clearly distinguishable from other registered companies,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The company must keep accounts in accordance with the Danish Accounting Act (bogf\u00f8ringsloven) so that all financial transactions are documented.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Who is responsible?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>As the owner of a sole proprietorship, you are responsible for its debts with your own private assets. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This means that if the company goes into debt then people or institutions to whom you owe money can demand repayment from your personal assets - such as your car, house or savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Taxes and VAT in a sole proprietorship<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A sole proprietorship pays income tax on its profit. The owner accounts on the same basis as an individual, which means that he pays tax on the full amount of income.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Example<\/strong> (simplified):<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jan runs a VAT-registered one-man construction company (MOMS). In 2025, his revenue (the amount of money the company earned excluding VAT) was <strong>500,000 DKK<\/strong>, and operating costs, such as materials, fuel and tools, amounted to <strong>DKK 200,000<\/strong> (excluding VAT).<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Income calculation:<br>DKK 500,000 (revenue) - DKK 200,000 (expenses) =. <strong>300,000 DKK <\/strong>(income before tax)<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">As a sole proprietor, Jan does not pay tax as a company, but settles <strong>like an individual<\/strong>. This means that his income is subject to the same tax rules as for a salaried person.<\/h6>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>If the company makes losses, you can deduct them from your own income or your spouse's income.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A sole proprietorship usually has to be registered for VAT<em>(Moms)<\/em>. If you expect to make a profit running a sole proprietorship then set up a B-skat advance tax. Read more about <a href=\"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/b-skat\/\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b1976b\" class=\"has-inline-color\">B-skat<\/mark><\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b1976b\" class=\"has-inline-color\"> <\/mark>read here: <a href=\"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/b-skat\/.\/\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b1976b\" class=\"has-inline-color\">https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/b-skat\/.<\/mark><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conversion of a sole proprietorship into an ApS<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>If you set up a sole proprietorship, but later notice that the business is growing, it is worth considering converting it to an ApS. This can be a good idea to reduce liability risks and other forms of taxation. In addition, it allows for other ownership and board structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How about a PMV instead of a sole proprietorship?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>An alternative to a sole proprietorship is the following <strong>PMV (Personligt ejet Mindre Virksomhed).<\/strong> - That is, the so-called one-person small personal business.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thanks to <strong>PMV - Personligt Ejet Mindre Virksomhed<\/strong> you can <strong>try your hand at business without much cost, without much bureaucracy, and without start-up commitments<\/strong>. \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The biggest difference between a PMV and a sole proprietorship is the turnover limit. For a PMV, revenues cannot exceed <strong>DKK 50,000<\/strong> In other words, a company cannot bill more than 50,000 kr in a calendar year. If you exceed this limit, you must convert your business into a sole proprietorship (EMV) or other legal form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Main Advantages and Disadvantages compared to a sole proprietorship <em>(EMV) <\/em>:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 you save time and money - you don't have to keep VAT records or file VAT returns,<br>\u2705 you can offer lower prices to customers and be more competitive, or earn more because you don't have to add VAT to your invoices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c you can't deduct VAT on purchases, but you can include the total cost of the purchase in your tax return<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c You can't have employed workers,<br>\u274c You cannot import or export to countries outside the EU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PMV <strong>it's the perfect<\/strong> A startup solution if you're not sure if your business will grow. Once you exceed DKK 50,000 per year, you can easily turn your business into a <strong>Enkeltmandsvirksomhed (EMV).<\/strong> And further develop the business. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Want to know more about PMV? You can find all the essentials in our article here: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/one-man-company-in-denmark-pmv\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"14525\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b1976b\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Have a business idea? Take the first step with PMV and grow at your own pace<\/mark><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Differences between EMV and other forms of business in Denmark<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>When you need to choose a form of business, there are many different factors to consider. Ultimately, the right form of business will always depend on your specific situation and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To make it easier for you to choose, we've prepared an overview where you can quickly learn the similarities and differences between the four most popular business forms for self-employed people and entrepreneurs: PMV, sole proprietorship EMV, I\/S and ApS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Criterion<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>PMV<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>EMV<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Partnership (I\/S)<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Ltd. (ApS)<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>CVR number<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>number of owner?<\/strong><\/td><td>one<\/td><td>one<\/td><td>many<\/td><td>many<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Responsibility<\/strong>\u0107<\/td><td>Full asset liability - you are responsible for the company's obligations with all your assets.<\/td><td><br>Full asset liability - you are responsible for the company's obligations with all your assets.<\/td><td><br>Full asset liability - you are responsible for the company's obligations with all your assets.<\/td><td>Liability limited to the company's capital and any guarantees.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Obligation to file an annual financial report?<\/strong><\/td><td>\u274c No<\/td><td>\u274c No<\/td><td>\u274c Partial - if at least one partner is an individual, there is no obligation to file a report<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes, visible to the public<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Obligation of bookkeeping?<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>VAT registration obligation?<\/strong><\/td><td>\u274c No<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Partial - if turnover exceeds DKK 50,000 in 12 months<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Partial - if turnover exceeds DKK 50,000 in 12 months<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Partial - if turnover exceeds DKK 50,000 in 12 months<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>A turnover limit?<\/strong><\/td><td>Maximum of DKK 50,000 per calendar year<\/td><td>No limit<\/td><td>No limit<\/td><td>No limit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Can employees be hired?<\/strong><\/td><td>\u274c No<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Is it possible to trade across borders in the EU?<\/strong><\/td><td>\u274c No<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Initial capital required?<\/strong><\/td><td>\u274c No<\/td><td>\u274c No<\/td><td>\u274c No<\/td><td>\u2714\ufe0f Yes - minimum DKK 20,000<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Still wondering what form of business to choose? take a peek here:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/company-in-denmark\/\"><mark>What form of business in Denmark will be best for you?<\/mark><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Not sure where to start? Need more information or advice?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\ud83d\udcde Call us: +45 35 13 13 10 (Mon-Fri, 8:00am-6:00pm)<br>\ud83d\udce7 Write: <a>helpy@your-adviser.dk<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Czym jest firma jednoosobowa? Wiele os\u00f3b decyduje si\u0119 na za\u0142o\u017cenie firmy jednoosobowej (Enkeltmandsvirksomhed skr\u00f3t EMV) jako pierwszego kroku w kierunku samodzielnej dzia\u0142alno\u015bci gospodarczej. Firma jednoosobowa oznacza, \u017ce w\u0142a\u015bcicielem jest jedna osoba fizyczna. \ud83d\udca1Nie oznacza to jednak, \u017ce w firmie jednoosobowej mo\u017ce pracowa\u0107 tylko jedna osoba \u2013 nic nie stoi na przeszkodzie, aby zatrudnia\u0107 pracownik\u00f3w. Nazwa [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14441,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[103,1],"tags":[121,101,120,123,122,124],"class_list":["post-14423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-firma-w-danii","category-artykuly","tag-emv","tag-enkeltmandsvirksomhed","tag-firmy-jednoosobowa-w-danii","tag-personligt-ejet-mindre-virksomhed","tag-pmv","tag-prowadzenie-firmy-w-danii"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/firma-w-danii-2.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14423"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14916,"href":"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14423\/revisions\/14916"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/your-adviser.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}